The major breeding objectives for the development of hybrids and varieties include increasing yield, improving adaptability to various environmental conditions, achieving stability in the performance of the crop, developing tolerance to abiotic (such as drought, salinity, and temperature) and biotic (such as pests and diseases) stress, and improving the physical, chemical, and nutritional quality of the crop.
Conventional breeding methods, such as crossbreeding and selection, have been used for many years to achieve these objectives. However, modern innovative approaches, such as molecular breeding and genetic engineering, are also being used to speed up the breeding process and introduce specific traits into crops.
Molecular breeding involves the use of genetic markers to identify and transfer specific desirable traits from one variety to another. Genetic engineering, also known as transgenic breeding, involves the direct manipulation of an organism's genetic material to introduce specific traits. Both of these methods can be used to develop crops that are more resistant to pests and diseases, have improved nutritional content, or are more tolerant to environmental stresses.
Overall, the objective of breeding is to create new varieties that are well-adapted to the local environment and have a high yield, good quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The choice of breeding method will depend on the specific traits and characteristics that are being targeted, as well as the resources and infrastructure available.